Calculator

Logarithm Calculator

Calculate natural logarithms (ln), common logarithms (log₁₀), and logarithms with custom bases. Perfect for solving exponential equations and working with logarithmic functions.

Example Calculations

Natural Logarithms

Common Logarithms

Custom Base Logarithms

Logarithm Formulas and Properties

Basic Definitions

  • logb(x) = y means by = x
  • ln(x) = loge(x) (natural logarithm, base e)
  • log(x) = log10(x) (common logarithm, base 10)
  • logb(b) = 1 (logarithm of base to itself)
  • logb(1) = 0 (logarithm of 1 to any base)

Logarithm Rules

  • logb(x·y) = logb(x) + logb(y) (product rule)
  • logb(x÷y) = logb(x) - logb(y) (quotient rule)
  • logb(xn) = n·logb(x) (power rule)
  • logb(x) = logc(x) ÷ logc(b) (change of base)

Applications of Logarithms

Mathematics

  • • Solving exponential equations
  • • Rate of growth/decay analysis
  • • Series expansions

Science

  • • pH scale in chemistry (uses -log10)
  • • Richter scale for earthquakes
  • • Decibels in acoustics
  • • Stellar magnitude in astronomy

Other Fields

  • • Information theory (log2 for bits)
  • • Compound interest calculations
  • • Signal processing
  • • Data compression algorithms
  • • Machine learning (log-likelihood)